Sensing Proximity
From bildr
Sensing proximity or distance can be done easily using a variety of different sensors. Most of them output an analog voltage depending on the sensed distance, so they are very easy to incorporate into any project.
Choosing a sensor
For sensing very short (under 1cm), the Optical Detector / Phototransistor can be used.
For measurements up to a foot, an infrared proximity sensor such as the Infrared Proximity Sensor - Sharp GP2Y0A21YK is a good bet.
Over a foot, and under a few meters, an ultrasonic range sensor may be the best bet.
This page is an Article on bildr. Articles are pages that define or explain a concept, method, or generic item.